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Carl Eduard Cramer (4 March 1831 – 24 November 1901) was a Swiss botanist born in Zurich. He studied at Zurich and Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in 1855. As a young man his mentor was the famed botanist Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891). He became a lecturer (1857) and later a professor of botany (1861–1901) at the ''Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule'' (Federal Polytechnic School) in Zurich. He also taught classes at the University of Zurich (1880–1883) and was director of its botanical garden from 1882 until 1893. Cramer's specialty dealt with the physiology, genealogy and growth of plant cells. He did extensive research in the fields of bacteriology, vegetable teratology, cryptogamic botany and mycology (especially mushrooms). He was the author of a number of botanical works, including "''Pflanzen physiologische Untersuchungen''" (1855–1857), which he co-wrote with Karl von Nägeli. ==References== * Article based on a translation of the French Wikipedia Page; Carl Eduard Cramer 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carl Eduard Cramer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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